Converter Topologies
Explore Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost topologies. Tune duty cycle and frequency to inspect ripple and average output waveforms.
1. Converter Mode
topology select
2. Parameters
input voltage [V_in] 12
duty cycle [D] 50%
frequency [f_sw] 100 kHz
inductance [L] 100 µH
load resistance [R] 10 Ω
Operation Theory
Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) occurs when the inductor current never falls to zero. If the load is too light (high resistance) or inductance is too low, the current hits zero during the switch-off period, entering Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), causing output voltage to surge.
Output Voltage —
Ripple Current —
Min Inductance —
Conduction Mode —
Live Waveforms (Vx, Vout, and Inductor Current IL)
Click to reveal Topology Equations & Math
1. Buck Converter
Output Voltage: V_out = D · V_in
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_out · (1 - D) / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = (1 - D) · R / (2 · f_sw)
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_out · (1 - D) / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = (1 - D) · R / (2 · f_sw)
2. Boost Converter
Output Voltage: V_out = V_in / (1 - D)
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_in · D / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = D · (1 - D)² · R / (2 · f_sw)
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_in · D / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = D · (1 - D)² · R / (2 · f_sw)
3. Buck-Boost Converter
Output Voltage: V_out = V_in · D / (1 - D) (magnitude)
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_in · D / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = (1 - D)² · R / (2 · f_sw)
Ripple Current: ∆I_L = V_in · D / (L · f_sw)
Critical Inductance: L_crit = (1 - D)² · R / (2 · f_sw)